Excavators, as powerful players in the field of engineering construction, have attracted much attention for their powerful functions and efficient operating capabilities. Its working principle involves the coordinated operation of multiple key systems. The first is the power system. Excavators are usually powered by diesel engines. This engine has significant features such as high torque and strong reliability, and can provide sufficient and stable power for the excavator's actions under various complex working conditions. The engine transmits power to the hydraulic pump through the transmission system, thereby driving the entire hydraulic system to work.
The core hydraulic system consists of important components such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors, and control valves. The hydraulic pump is like the heart of the entire system, converting the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy and continuously providing high-pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor. Its working principle is to realize oil suction and oil discharge through volume changes. When the plunger or gear and other components in the pump body move, low-pressure areas and high-pressure areas will be generated, thereby completing the oil suction and oil discharge process. The hydraulic cylinder is the key actuator that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. It controls the movements of the excavation arm, stick and bucket through the linear motion of the piston. When high-pressure oil enters the hydraulic cylinder, the piston moves under the pressure of the oil, driving these working devices to perform excavation, lifting, unloading and other actions. The hydraulic motor is also an actuator. It achieves output torque through rotational motion. It is mainly used to drive the traveling mechanism and slewing mechanism in excavators. When high-pressure oil enters the hydraulic motor, the motor's rotor rotates, driving the excavator to walk and rotate. The control valve is the control center of the hydraulic system. It achieves precise control of the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor by accurately controlling the flow direction, pressure and flow rate of the oil. The operator can freely control various actions of the excavator by operating the handle or pedal of the control valve.
The working equipment mainly includes excavation arms, buckets, buckets and attachments. The excavating arm connects the excavator body and the bucket rod, and swings up and down through the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder. Its length and angle can be adjusted according to different operating requirements. The bucket arm connects the excavation arm and the bucket. It also swings left and right through the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder. The length and angle can also be adjusted as needed. As the main working component, the bucket completes excavation, loading and unloading actions through the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder. Its shape and size can be selected according to specific operating needs. In addition, the excavator can also be equipped with breaker hammers, hydraulic shears, grab buckets and other attachments to further expand its functions.
For second-hand dealers, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the working principle of excavators. When selling second-hand excavators, they can introduce the working principle of the excavator to customers in detail and help customers better understand the performance and characteristics of the equipment. Second-hand dealers will conduct a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the purchased second-hand excavator, including the power system, hydraulic system and working equipment. They will check the operating condition of the engine, the sealing of the hydraulic pump and hydraulic cylinder, the sensitivity of the control valve and the wear and tear of the working equipment. Through these inspections, second-hand dealers are able to determine the performance and value of used excavators and provide customers with true and reliable equipment information.
At the same time, second-hand dealers can also recommend suitable second-hand excavator models to customers based on their specific needs and operating environment. They understand the characteristics and application range of different types of excavators and can provide customers with professional advice. For example, second-hand dealers can recommend small excavators for customers who need to work in small spaces; they can recommend large excavators for customers who need to carry out large-scale earthmoving projects. In addition, second-hand dealers can also provide customers with equipment maintenance suggestions to help customers extend the service life of second-hand excavators and reduce usage costs.
In short, the working principle of an excavator is the result of the synergy of multiple systems, and second-hand dealers play an important role in this process. They not only provide customers with second-hand excavators, but also help customers choose suitable equipment through professional knowledge and services, ensure the performance and quality of the equipment, and provide strong support for project construction.